The toxicity of chemicals or of other environmental stressors is highly dependent on exposure conditions and on the particular vulnerability of the individual or group of persons. The module will address these issues with some emphasis on vulnerability during development and growth and on occupational exposures. The module is essentially multidisciplinary with epidemiological, toxicological and social sciences perspectives.

The following items will be discussed: importance of windows of exposure to carcinogens or reprotoxic agents during pregnancy, in early life and at the workplace; vulnerability of children to physical agents; transgenerational epigenetic effects both in experimental animals and in humans; examples of gene-environment interaction and mechanistic basis of vulnerability, notably during development.

Workload and ECTS

Class workload	Total workload	ECTS
30	90	3